Rip Van Winkle and the American Dream Essay - 645 Words

In Rip Van Winkle, Irving shows his doubts in the American Identity and the American dream. After the Revolutionary war, America was trying to develop its own course. They were free to govern their own course of development; however, some of them had an air of uncertainties on their own identity in this new country. Irving was born among this generation in the newly created United States of America, and also felt uncertainty about the American identity. Irving might be the writer that is the least positive about being an American. The main reason for this uncertainty is the new born American has no history and tradition while the Europe has a great one accumulated for thousands of years. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, Irving†¦show more content†¦He ‘s a lazy and obedient hen-pecked husband. â€Å"In a word, Rip was ready to attend to anybody’s business but his own; but as to doing family duty, keeping his farm in order, he found it impossible.† His idleness to his responsibility can be seen as American’s unwillingness to be a servant of England. â€Å"There is phlegm and drowsy tranquility† around the town before the revolution war. However, after Rip awakes from his sleep for twenty years, everything in the town has changed. â€Å"There was a busy, bustling, disputatious tone about it, instead of the accustomed phlegm and drowsy tranquility.† Also, the sign outside the tavern where he spent much of his time has changed from King George to General Washington. After seeing all of these changes, at first Rip doubts his own identity, especially when he sees his son who is† a precise counterpart of himself.† However, before long, â€Å"he resumes his old walks and habits,† because he doesn’t compelled to change himself into a post Revolutionary American. Since it never happens as an event in his life, it makes no drastic change in Rip’s life. Because he has no indent to f it in the new society to be who he has to be at the new age, he tries to retreat or stay in the past which is what the Americans need to lead their cultural life. For Irving, he doesn’t want to an American who doesn’t know who he is, but no past and no history means no American identity. He might want to recover the lost past cut by theShow MoreRelatedRip Van Winkle and American Dream Essay662 Words   |  3 PagesIn Rip Van Winkle, Irving shows his doubts the American Identity and the American dream. After the Revolutionary war, American was trying to develop its own course. They were free to govern their own course of development; however, some of them had an air of uncertainties on their own identity in this new country. Irving was born among this generation in the newly created United States of America, and also felt uncertainty about the American identity. Irving might be the writer that is the leastRead More Rips Character and Symbolism in Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle845 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter and Symbolism in Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle Rip Van Winkle has been a well-known story told throughout time. There is not a doubt that as a child, many of you heard the words of Washington Irvings famous tale of the man who slept for twenty years. Nor can one forget the elves that Rip Van Winkle spent the night with in the amphitheater. Like many stories, Irvings Rip Van Winkle has been told so many times throughout American history that it has lost its original purposeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Slave Mother1176 Words   |  5 Pagesorg/poems/51977/the-slave-mother-56d23017ceaad. Accessed 4 Sept. 2017. Frances Harper is a respected American figure who wrote works regarding abolition and educational equality. As the child of two free black parents, she had a passionate view on racial equality. After seeing her help slaves escape through the Underground Railroad and publish a myriad of anti-slavery newspapers, people began to deem her as the mother of African American journalism. Her poem The Slave Mother depicts the relationship between an enslavedRead MoreEssay on Rip Van Winkle1682 Words   |  7 PagesThe characters in Rip Van Winkle and Young Goodman Brown written respectively by Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne leave their individual communities and return with radically different perspectives (of their current lives) that change their attitudes and way of life in the remaining of their lives. Both stories are set in early American villages, Young Goodman Brown takes place in the 1700’s New England puritan settlement while Rip Van Winkle takes place over 100 ye ars later in an EnglishRead MoreTradition and Revolution in Rip Van Winkle: An Analysis1643 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Tradition and Revolution in Rip Van Winkle Washington Irvings Rip Van Winkle is a tale that he wrote after an old traditional European story. Irving situates it in America before and after the Revolutionary War and describes Rip as a man whose only desire in life is to get away from petticoat tyranny meaning his wife. However, Rip may also be seen as a traditional figure of simplicity who is just as content to be a subject of the king as he is to be a subject of the PresidentRead MoreRip Van Winkle by Washington Irving Essays755 Words   |  4 PagesRip Van Winkle by Washington Irving When superficially read, Washington Irvings short story Rip Van Winkle seems to be a simple tale of an unhappily married man whose happy-go-lucky, carefree attitude gains him loving adoration from the village women, children, and dogs; but only scorn from his wretched wife. However, when read more closely, the story takes on an entirely different meaning. Through his constant references to Dame Van Winkle and her turbulent relationship with Rip, IrvingRead MoreA Brief Look at Washington Irving1441 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment of short stories. He was the first author to sell his stories abroad other than America. Washington Irving was born and raised in New York City on April 3, 1783, and he was the youngest of eleven children. Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author during his career in the early 1800’s. His short stories left a lasting and of most influential work. Irving’s short stories and poems were one of the first folk stori es wrote and are still read about today. WashingtonRead More Comparing the Hero in Fall of the House of Usher, Rip Van Winkle, and May-Pole of Merry Mount1600 Words   |  7 PagesThe Romantic Hero in Fall of the House of Usher, Rip Van Winkle, and May-Pole of Merry Mount Hero n. a man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualities. Though this is the definition of hero according to Random House Webster’s Dictionary, the Romantic interpretation of hero is quite different. A Romantic hero is usually somewhat innocent and carefree, separate from the masses, and is almost always on some type of journey. This hero is idealisticRead More The Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3267 Words   |  14 PagesThe Search for America in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the early to mid-1800s, Washington Irving was an immensely popular writer heralded as one of the great American writers.   Irvings importance lies especially in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the sketches in which he creates the vision of the alternate America(n).   His critique of American society through his main characters-Rip and Ichabod-and the towns in which they live gives shapeRead More Prominence of Desire and Loss in Romantic Literature Essay2886 Words   |  12 Pagesattitudes to art and human creativity that dominated much of European culture in the first half of the 19th century, and that has shaped most subsequent developments in literature--even those reacting against it† (Baldick). Though the time period that American Romanticism spans is rather vast and many of the literary works that spark out of this movement are unique in themselves, various unifying elements are present in these texts that categorize them as Roman tic works. These elements, sometimes referred

Let the Nations Be Glad Book Review Essay - 2032 Words

November 25, 2008 Book Response: â€Å"Let the Nations Be Glad† Book Response: â€Å"Let the Nations Be Glad† John Piper’s Let the Nations Be Glad more than lives up to its reputation as one of the most important books on missions. It is biblically based and rich in scriptural references with many relevant supporting stories and extensive explanatory foot notes. This book guides the reader through the core issues of missions in seven chapters which are grouped into three parts. In part 1, Piper discusses missions as means of worshipping God (ch.1) followed by the power of prayer and the price of suffering in missions (ch.2 3). Part 2 is devoted to answering two very important questions of whether Jesus Christ is the only way to†¦show more content†¦I fully appreciate Piper’s description of life and missions as warfare with ultimate power of God on our side. This war time mentality brings urgency in our prayers. Piper, however, warns against the â€Å"danger of overstating the role of prayer† (p. 63). The work of missions is not prayer, but â€Å"proc lamation of the gospel in Word and deed,† and â€Å"prayer is the weapon that wields the weapon of the Word †¦ by which the nations will be brought to faith and obedience† (p. 63). I think this balance between our role in missions and the providence of God is very much needed. Likewise, I believe there should be a balance between our passion for the glory of God and God’s passion for his own glory discussed in chapter one, so as to prevent any mistaken notion that God needs us to worship him to glorify himself. Piper declares that sufferings in missions show the supremacy of God, because sufferings and struggles of missionaries â€Å"make us feel the supremacy of God in their lives all the more† (p. 72). Piper points out that â€Å"the death of Christ for the sin of my selfishness is not meant to help me escape the suffering of love but to enable it.† Therefore, Jesus’ suffering is the basis for us to bear the same abuse (p.77). I believ e Romans 8:17 (NIV) shows this point clearly, because we are â€Å"co-heirs with Christ †¦ we share in his sufferingsShow MoreRelatedTheology of Missions2716 Words   |  11 PagesPurpose of Suffering 6 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 10 Old Testament and New Testament Texts Related to Missions As we look at the theology of missions we must start with the Word of God. â€Å"Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and loo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age. Amen.† (Matt 28:19-20) This is â€Å"The GreatRead More All Quiet on the Western Front - A Book Review Essay1922 Words   |  8 PagesAll Quiet on the Western Front - A Book Review Professor’s Comments: This is a good example of a book review typically required in history classes. It is unbiased and thoughtful. The Student explains the book and the time in which it was written in great detail, without retelling the entire story†¦ a pitfall that many first time reviewers may experience. All Quiet on the Western Front is the story of Paul Baumer’s service as a soldier in the German army during World War I. PaulRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1837 Words   |  8 Pages Honest Abe Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12th, 1809 in a log cabin in Kentucky. He was raised by poor parents and received less than a year of formal education. He was mainly self-educated by reading a lot of books on his own. Lincoln was known for being an opponent of slavery. He was the 16th president of the United States and served from March 1861 until he was assassinated in April of 1865. His main accomplishments include leading the United States through the Civil War and abolishingRead MoreEssay Art Life of Langston Hughes5893 Words   |  24 Pagesexcitement and anticipation. While at this revival, he comes to the sudden realization that Jesus will not physically come save him. Hughes is forced by peer pressure to lie and go up to the church alter and be saved. Inside he felt a tremendous let down when this did not occur. He felt by proclaiming himself saved that he was lying to Aunt Mary as well as the entire church congregation. He uses this story to illustrate how easy it i s for children to misinterpret what adults mean and subsequentlyRead MoreTea and Social Class Boundaries in 19th Century England5082 Words   |  21 Pagescommodities such as tea can distinguish social differences between classes, both past and present; it also allows us to ponder on how tea was popularized into the daily-consumed beverage it is to this day with people of all class backgrounds. In her book A Necessary Luxury: Tea in Victorian England (2008), Julie E. Fromer discusses how in 19th century England â€Å"new identification categories and new hierarchies of status developed along lines stemming from consumption habits, creating moral guidelinesRead MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 Pages the bibliography may appear at the end of a book, report, or research paper. An annotated bibliography includes a brief descriptive and evaluative paragraph (the annotation) for each item in the list. Examples and Observations: * Basic bibliographic information includes title, author or editor, publisher, and the year the current edition was published or copyrighted. Home librarians often like to keep track of when and where they acquired a book, the price, and a personal annotation, which wouldRead MoreMy Fs 101 Portfolio7901 Words   |  32 Pagesgood condition, well-lighted and | | | | |properly ventilated, spacious, clean, have chairs| | | | |and tables, books are properly arranged, and | | | | |noise free | |Counseling room | | |It is in good conditionRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesfelt connected to the oppressed brown people of the world and hated his father for mistreating his Mexican employees. Witnessing his fathers tyranny made Langston sick enough to require hospitalization. By the end of the summer, Langston was glad to return to school in the United States. On the journey to his mothers house in Cleveland, Ohio, he recognized he was back in his native land when a white man in the trains diner car refused to eat at the same table with him, and a fountain clerkRead MoreDiffereces Between Vietnamese and American Compliment10198 Words   |  41 Pagesresponding to compliments in English and Vietnamese equivalents. 3.1. Some suggestions. 41 3.1.1. What do we compliment on? 3.1.2 How do we give a compliment? 3.1.3 How to respond to compliment. 3.2. Suggested teaching application Part C. Conclusion 1. Review major findings 48 2. Suggestion for further research 49 References APPENDIX ABBREVIATIONS H The hearers S Read MoreVideo Games Make You The Good Guy Essay9810 Words   |  40 Pagesthere are other ways to help save on homeschooling costs that you may not have thought of. Here are 5 simple ways to help cut educational costs without negatively affecting your child s learning experience. Use your local library for more than the books. Most libraries have much to offer homeschooling families. For instance, libraries often hold lectures that anyone can attend on a variety of subjects. They are also a great resource for teaching art appreciation. At my local library, you can even

Examples of successful campaigns produced by big advertising agencies Free Essays

When it comes to advertising, a small business is more likely to it in house due mainly to the fact that it is very expensive to get an advertising company to do it for you. Where as a small company does not the luxury of having a large advertising budget, they need to do it by the most effective means possible. Three examples of successful campaigns produced by big advertising agencies are: * The Marks Spencer’s â€Å"Magic Sparkle† Christmas Adverts which were made by a firm called Rainey Kelly Campbell Roalfe. We will write a custom essay sample on Examples of successful campaigns produced by big advertising agencies or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was run up to and including Christmas Eve. These adverts put MS back on the map for food and clothing, boosting their sales tremendously. The adverts include many famous celebrities including Twiggy and Shirley Bassey, all who reportedly got paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100,000 and above. * Halifax pioneered an innovative approach to bank adverts in 2000, when it allowed its staff to star in adverts, singing popular songs with the words changed to reflect financial services products. Halifax worker, Howard Brown is the regular star of the adverts. Following the merger with the Bank of Scotland, this practice has continued, with the Bank of Scotland also allowing its staff to take part. These adverts were made by a company called Roberts Robertson, and it became very successful for them. * Sainsbury’s is another company that has done well out of a recent campaign to promote them selves. Sainsbury’s did this with their â€Å"Try something new today† campaign. They showed how they are now offering all sorts of new products in store that many people would not have tried or liked, but are now widely available. Their campaign’s were organised by a company called Redbus, who did market research and found out what customers want from their food shops. There are many different types of media that companies use to get their message across. These are Television, Radio, Posters and Magazines / Newspapers. Magazines: * More colour pagers to give the viewer a more detailed image * Better Reproduction and quality of the printing * Longer copy deadlines as some are monthly etc. * Few regional editions, different areas will be interested in different things * Diversity of subject matter, there is almost a magazine for any subject matter so you can target the exact audience * Reach specific groups of people either by age or what they are interested in. * Sunday colour supplement, this free magazine is often jam packed with different adverts and promotions * Weekly women’s magazines will mean if you have a specific product such as something to do with babies etc you can put it right in their face. * TV Guides often have a lot of space at the back filled with more information about Television programs so products / services can be linked in with this. * Carry adverts for a broad range of products / services * Low cost per thousand, it becomes a lot cheaper when you are making many thousand copies * Business publications given free to company executives * Kept for a reasonable amount of time, as they do not perish and are harder wearing than a newspaper etc. * The amount of magazines that people often browse at when sitting in waiting rooms. * There is no sound or movement. * You have to book and produce a month in advance. * Many have many pages of adverts so that they could get missed. Posters * Must be clear and quick to the point.. * Relatively cheap to produce and make. * Can be seen again and again. * Can be placed near the shop where the product / service is currently on offer. * Posters cabn have large impact due to the size and colour and the boldness of the print. * They are very popular with art directors to get their message across in a different and eye catching way. * They have to be printed and distributed way before the product / service is available so they need to be created and planned months in advance. * Can become damaged and damaged so they need to have a level of looking after. * The message cannot be complex as many people will not stop to read an advert specifically just glimpse at it. * Some people see poster adverts as anti-environment. Radio * It gives the listeners an opportunity to use their imagination. * You can reach listeners whilst they are doing other things such as driving etc. * They can be local, regional or national. * Very popular and worth while during â€Å"drive time† * Radio adverts are quick to produce. * Intensive medium, it will make people think of it, even though they may have been thinking of something completely different. * Listeners for certain radio stations may be low and not worth while. * It is very difficult to advertise food and clothing product by radio as people want a visual representation. * You can buy a package from many of the bigger radio stations for certain â€Å"spots† during the day. Cinema * The visual power of the adverts is very effective with the visual representation and the sound in a cinema. * It is the strongest medium of all as you are going to watch it anyway because you are sitting down waiting for the film to start and as it is on such a large scale straight in front of you. * Campaigns can be local or national as all of the adverts can be edited onto the beginning of films by the cinema itself. * Book / soundtrack commercials are very effective too advertise for the film at the beginning as they are about to watch the film and may be interested. * Audiences often will chat through the adverts. TV * Hundreds of thousands of people watch TV every day so there is an enormous market to show the product / service to. * Vivid colour and sound though a television, giving the viewer a good visual representation of the product / service. * BBC channels do not have advertisements in them so that will cut down the number of viewers. * There are many channels on Sky that are becoming very specific to certain interests etc, so you are able to advertise to the right audience. * Many people either turn over when the adverts come on, or more recently with the creation of Sky+ etc you can simply fast forward them and skip them completely. How to cite Examples of successful campaigns produced by big advertising agencies, Papers

Nike with apple free essay sample

To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete* in the world. *If you have a body, you are an athlete. Guiding principles (11 Maxims) They guide employees at all levels as they complete their work at Nike and represent the Nike corporation globally. †¢It is our nature to innovate. †¢Nike is a company. †¢Nike is a brand. †¢Simplify and go. †¢The consumer decides. †¢Be a sponge. †¢Evolve immediately. †¢Do the right thing. †¢Master the fundamentals. †¢We are on the offense – always. †¢Remember the man. The late Bill Bowerman, Nike co-founder) Manager Manifesto -It is a set of Core Principles that describe how Nike managers lead with excellence * Lead * Coach * Drive * Inspire Objectives: * Protect and improve Nike’s position as the number one athletic brand in America. * Build a strong momentum in growing fitness market. * Intensify the company’s effort to develop products that women need and want. Explore the market for products specifically designed for the requirements of maturing Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Nike with apple or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Direct and manage the company’s international business as it continues to develop. * Continue the drive for increased margins through proper inventory management and fewer better products. Competencies: Innovations: 1. Design your own shoes: Customers can choose their own colors and mascots to create shoes which define their personality 2. Nike self lacing automatic shoes: The automatic lacing system provides a set of straps that can be automatically opened and closed to switch between a loosened and tightened position. 3. Nike with apple: The NIKE+ package consists of a pair of specially designed NIKE+ running shoes, an ipod nano, and a NIKE+ ipod sport kit. As a person runs, ipod tells the distance, pace, and calories burned via voice feedback that adjusts music volume as it plays. Goal: World’s leading sports products and equipment provider. Business strategies: Encompasses the business’s overall positioning in the sports industry and stay competitive due to the product differentiation and globalization. Competitive Advantage: Brand Name, Product Quality, Inventory turnover, Cost leadership, Effective in-store operations.

Summer Of My Germin Soilder Essays - , Term Papers

Summer Of My Germin Soilder CN - Can you tell me the first time you met Anton. What was it like? PB - I first heard his name when some soldiers told my father that he was the only English speaking German. When I saw him he was different from the others. He did not look as strong or as tall as the others, but his eyes speckled with green. The first time I talked to him he was looking for a pocket pencil sharpener. We ended up talking. He told me about his family, their jobs and things like that. He also spoke about himself. He asked me to sell him a pin that looked like diamonds. Later I found out he would use the pen to sneak out of prison. I made a prayer just before he left. I prayed we would become friends, that he would become a doctor, and that he would go back to his home. only half of my prayer came true, we became friends. CN - Can you tell me how he escaped from prison? PB - He was planning to bribe a soldier with the pin that had fake diamonds. He told the guard his father would pay anyone who let him out of jail. The first payment being in diamonds. The guard believed him and helped him escape. CN - Why did you decide to hide a German Prisoner? PB - I hid him because he was a person. I liked him and he was different from what I had heard about Germans. I knew what I was doing was against the law. I was 12, and followed my instincts. Why should I not help someone who was in need. After all God made all men equal. One girl said God was on our side. I disagree with her comment, he was probably on all sides. CN - What were your feelings of the trial? PB - I thought that being sent to reform school was not fair towards me. I only helped a person, a friend. Hearing that he died was the worst punishment. Also that my father might never forgive me is hard to live with. I know I broke the law, but I did not kill anyone. I only helped him. In a way I got punished for helping another human being. CN - How were you treated after everyone found out? PB - In reform school I was called names like: 'Nazi' and 'Spy.' I had very few friends there. I'm not sure if I could even call them friends. Back home practically no one spoke to me. Pretty soon I was sent to live with my grandparents, and I'm still here. My dad never did forgive me and hardly speaks to me. My sister is still sweet and loves me, no matter what. CN - In your childhood was there anyone who influenced you to do the things you do and did? PB - Yes Ruth. Ruth was our house- keeper. She always tried to make me a better person then I was. And now that I think about it she was like a mother to me. CN - In what ways was she like a mother? PB - She visited me in the reform school, when my real mother did not. She protected me from my father once. He was going to hit me. She stood in front of me and would not let him hurt me. She got fired because of this. I admired her as a person and loved her. CN - Why did you admire her? PB - I admired her because she stood with dignity. She was black, it never stopped her from being strong. She thought a person was important no matter what status they had in life. On Saturday she wore her best dress, and if I would go to the store she would ask me to wear my nice dress. She did this so I would look presentable. Ruth acted this because she believed in holding her head high. Also races and culture never bothered her, a person was a person. When she met Anton she was kind to him and did not judge him. CN - How did she find out about him? PB

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural

Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural Abstract Historically, for the last 9500 years, people have been domesticating cats. Evolutionary studies show that cats depict evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, mating, social organization, and communication. Based on evolutionary studies, this study focuses on making observation of evolutionary behaviors that entail territory marking.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The findings revealed that, while scratching and rubbing against objects are common cat behaviors, urinating and defecating are rare behaviors of marking territory. Ultimately, although the study had limitation due to lack of control experiments, it revealed that cats need expansive environment for them to wander and expand their territory. Introduction Domestic cats are good pets because they do not only offer companionship to human beings but also help in eradication of rodents in homesteads. Domestic cats frequently interact with human beings because they live together in the house and share the same environment. Due to their smooth hair, flexible bodies, and friendliness, human beings have taken them as pets that live indoors. Moreover, since domestic cats are carnivores, they hunt for rodents in the homestead, thus help human beings in keeping rodents away from their houses. Domestic cats have unique behaviors in that although they are social animals, they spend great deal of their time in solitude except during mating or when nurturing their kids. Living with human beings, cats wander within a home range or neighborhood, making it possible to observe their wandering habits and unique behaviors that they portray. Many studies have attempted to elucidate unique evolutionary behaviors of cats since they share same environment with people and other domestic animals. The studies seek to explain how cats associate and communicate among themselves. In addition, the studies also seek to establish how cats interact and associate harmoniously with people and other domesticated animals in the homestead and within their environment in the neighborhood. As aforementioned, Blackshaw notes that, cats depict diverse evolutionary behaviors such as territory marking, grooming, communication, social organization and mating (64).Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In territory marking, cats employ variety of strategies including scratching of objects, urinating, defecating and cheek rubbing. Territory marking is very important in warning and keeping away other cats from intruding into marked territories. Cats also depict grooming behavior because they often lick and scratch their fur when resting to ensure that their bodies are clean and free from any parasites. In terms of communication, cats have va rious ways of communication such as purring, meowing, grunting, and hissing depending on their moods and environment. Although cats are solitary animals, social organization is common during mating, as dominant males tend to suppress other males and expel them from their territory forcing them to live solitary lives or change their environment. Thus, aforementioned behaviors are evolutionary behaviors that cats portray under their natural settings. The objective of the study is to examine how cats mark their territories as an evolutionary behavior that makes them dominant in their environment. Homestead or neighborhood provides natural settings for cats to express their evolutionary behavior of territory marking. In this case, naturalistic observation of the behaviors of cats involving territory marking in a homestead and neighborhood correlates with literature since the cats are in their natural setting that is free from any undue interference, which may considerably change their b ehaviors. Herron and Buffington argue that, for cats to express their evolutionary behaviors, they need natural environment to promote their health and welfare conditions (1). Thus, for cats to express evolutionary behaviors that involve territory marking effectively, outdoor environment in a homestead or neighborhood is imperative. The study hypothesized that cats demonstrate unique behaviors in outdoor environment that aim at marking their territory. Therefore, since cats demonstrate unique behaviors that have evolutionary significance, what are the evolutionary behaviors of territory marking that are observable in a natural setting? Naturalistic Observation Under environmental conditions of homestead and neighborhood, I made natural observation of unique behaviors of cats while focusing on evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Critical observation of the cats showed that they move about in the homestead or neighborhood as they mark their territories using various means inc luding scratching of objects, cheek rubbing, urinating, and defecating.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Unique Behaviors of Domestic Cats in Their Natural specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the experiment, I observed how male domestic cats behave while wandering in the homestead and I noted that they were portraying evolutionary behavior that involved marking of territory. The cats went about scratching objects using their paws and rubbing their cheeks against objects. These behaviors were quite dominant because there are many objects in the environment that the cats encountered and they ensured that they scratched or rubbed themselves against all the available objects. Hence, objects such as wood, trees, rocks, and poles are very important for the cats since they are territorial markers. Urinating and defecating were rare behaviors that the cat displayed but it entailed digging of a shallow hole, urinating or defecating on it, and eventually covering it up using soil. The uniqueness of urination and defecation is that the cat performed it on peripheral parts of its territory. Implication of Naturalistic Observation The unique behaviors of cats that entail marking of territory showed that cats need expansive territory. Although cats are domestic animals, keeping them indoors and providing enough food is not enough because they need to explore their territory and expand it by marking the appropriate boundaries. Indoor environment is too small for cats to roam and interact with other cats during mating. Studies have shown that male dominance in certain environment depends on the extent of territory. Size of territory determines males’ dominance during mating season for they wander expansively in search of females on heat. Observation made on cats restricted to live indoors showed that they portray scratching and rubbing behaviors but on limited frequency for they experience a lot of interference in the house. According to Rochlitz, people who domesticate cats need to simulate indoor environment to reflect outdoor environment and allow cats to wander freely so that they can exercise their evolutionary behaviors of marking their territory (102). This implies that, natural outdoor setting provides a good environment for the cats to mark their territories so long as it is free from interferences that emanate from noise, dogs, other dominating cats and disturbing children. Thus, evolutionary behaviors of territory marking can effectively happen in natural setting where cats have freedom to explore their environment and interact with other cats during mating.Advertising Looking for term paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Limitation of the Research The study of evolutionary behaviors of cats, which involved observing behaviors of territory marking in their natural setting, had limitations because it had no control experiment for comparison. The study would have been conclusive if there were an artificial environment where researcher could observe how territorial marking of boundaries occurs relative to natural setting. Moreover, given that a cat is a domestic animal that has evolved from wilderness, it is very difficult to define precisely its natural setting. Thus, the research assumed that the favorable natural setting for a cat is a homestead environment because it is expansive and has rodents that cats can hunt. According to Hall, evolutionary cat behaviors are not only dependent on environment, but also on other factors such as availability of food and social interactions with other cats (144). When cats are well fed and have good relationships with other cats, they tend to play more as compared to instances when they are hungry and are facing impending social threats from other cats. Therefore, the study did not consider assessing whether the cats were optimally expressing their behaviors with respect to presence of environmental threats and hunger. Future Direction of the Research Due to limitation, the study recommends that future researchers should consider carrying out control experiments under artificial setting to give an insight into evolutionary behaviors of territory marking. Since cats have no specific natural setting, future research should focus on defining appropriate environmental conditions that are essential in optimization behaviors among cats. Warren argues that, varied animal species, which have undergone evolution for centuries, have diverged and specialized into diverse ecological niches (582). Therefore, for future researchers to come up with comprehensive view on evolutionary behavior of territory marking, they need to understand the evolution proce ss and environments that favor territory marking in cats to eliminate confounding variables. Conclusion For the last 9500 years, human beings have been cats and they have proved to be the best pets that can stay both indoors and outdoors. Evolutionary studies reveal that cats have various evolutionary behaviors that enable them to survive under varied environmental conditions. Such behaviors include, territory marking, communication, grooming, social organization, and mating. This study carried out observation to confirm how cats depict the evolutionary behavior of marking their territory. The observations revealed that, cats frequently scratch and rub themselves against objects in their environment to leave a special scent that shows their presence and thus scare away other intruding cats. Moreover, the findings showed that cats urinate and defecate at specific points in their territory, hence providing a way of marking their boundaries. The observations made implied that cats need expansive environment where they can wander and expand their territories. Although the study findings revealed that cat behaviors in their natural setting entail marking of territory, the study had limitations because there was no control experiment of an artificial environment. Thus, the study concludes that evolutionary cat behaviors involving territory marking are complex and require comprehensive studies. Blackshaw, Judith. â€Å"The Behaviour of Cats and Dogs.† Applied Animal Behavior  Science, 2001: 63-68. Hall, Sarah. The Influence of Hunger on Object Play by Adult Domestic Cats.† Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58.2 (2006): 143–150. Herron, Meghan, and Buffington, Tony. â€Å"Environmental Enrichment for Indoor Cats.†Ã‚  MediMedia Animal Health, 2010:1-7. Rochlitz, Ian. â€Å"A Review of the Housing Requirements of Domestic Cats.† Applied  Animal Behavior Science 97.3 (2005): 97-109). Warren, John. â€Å"Evolution, Behavior and the P refrontal Cortex.† Animal Behavior Laboratory, (2003): 581-593.

Wynn Las Vegas Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wynn Las Vegas Financial Analysis - Assignment Example The Profitability Ratios considered in the paper include Net profit margin, Return on Assets, and Gross profit margin. The Liquidity Ratios considered in the paper include the Current ratio and the Quick Ratio. The Leverage Ratios considered in the paper include the Total debt to total assets ratio and the Debt ratios. Data relevant to the calculation of these ratios was tabulated for the five companies considered in the paper, for the year 2013 financial results. When analyzing this ratio, the net profit after tax and sales are considered. Below are the financial data for the three companies under consideration. Net Profit Margin can, therefore, be established using the formula; From the table, it can be established that Bellagio has the highest Net Profit Margin, and Wynn Lass Vegas has the least. This means Wynn Lass Vegas had the least efficiency, after all, the expenses were considered. This ratio analyzes the productivity of the asset in consideration of net profits after tax. The formula used to analyze ROE is Net Profit after tax/Total Assets * 100. The table below illustrates the analysis of the Return on Assets for the five companies under consideration. Current ratios are used to analyze the company’s ability to pay short-term debt meet its day-to-day operations. In the calculation of the Current Ratios, the values involved include Current Assets and Current Liabilities (Vandyck, 2006). The table below shows the five companies’ Current Assets, Current Liabilities, and Current Ratios. The table above shows that Bellagio has the highest current ratios, closely followed by Wynn Lass Vegas. The high value of current ratio indicates that the company has greater ability of paying short term debt than those companies with lower current ratios. This ratio analyzes the percentage assets financed through

Save our city Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Save our city - Essay Example However, with continuous human interference with Venetian ecology, the city is now more prone to floods from high-rise tides. The utilization of mudflats for construction and diversion of rivers and other similar actions have disturbed the ecological balance of Venice with the Arabian Sea. This is the main reason for Venice getting floods during high tides and heavy rains. (Nosengo). It is the Italian name of the engineering solution for saving Venice. Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi initiated this costly project and declared the working on it in December 2001. The project cost is around USD 2.6 billion and it is scheduled to complete in 2011, with the construction of hollow gates starting in 2006.The project being an engineering solution to save Venice from floods involves construction of 78 hollow metal gates, having the height of 20m with thickness of 5m. The placement of these gates is at three main inlets of this lagoon. (Nosengo). Many environmentalists have shown concerns about the project as they feel that even a few hours of closure of gates can cause tremendous disturbance to the ecosystem of this lagoon. Politicians have expressed fears that money meant for this project will be diverted elsewhere in the city. Deputy Mayor of Venice, Gianfranco Bettin has been the most forthright in his criticism of MOSE, saying that it is â€Å"expensive, hazardous and probably useless†. (Nosengo). The strong criticism to the technical feasibility of MOSE is from Paolo Antonio, who was born in Venice and works with Laboratory of Physical Geography in Meudon, France. His main concern relates to MOSE being developed keeping in mind the 1966 major floods, which are unlikely to occur for another 165 years. He says the project cannot offer result-oriented solution for smaller floods. His other concern relates to the rapid rise in water levels during the closure of gates. However, supporters of MOSE argue that 1966 can

A SCENARIO BASED ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A SCENARIO BASED - Essay Example The clincials point out a sense of attitude from the student, their personality, bedside manner and their work ethic. This also gives the student a chance to see whether they like working with patients in certain settings. There are basically three issues in this scenario and two of them are related. The first two issues show that the student is showing up late for their placement and they have missed several times during the four weeks that they have been involved. They are also late coming back from breaks during the day. The other issue is that the student is not really talking about what is going on when they are confronted and therefore are in danger of failing. Although these are the issues presented in the scenario, there is another issue that is important to consider: This placement may not be a fit for this particular student, which could be the reason for their attitude and behaviour. The most obvious issue for the mentor in this situation is what to do about it. The student may fail this aspect of training unless she starts to take responsibility for her behaviour and changes it. The mentor must make a decision about the type of intervention that is needed or whether it is time to fail the student. According to Cleland et al. (2008), there are many factors that influence whether an individual who is underperforming should be failed. One of the challenges with failing a student is that mentors have difficulty doing this if they feel they are stopping a students career. Also, failing a student may depend on what the mentor felt about the student overall. Taking the facts into consideration suggest that the mentor will have to fail this student because they are halfway through the placement and the behaviour has not changed. Their attitude seems to show that they are not interested in the placement. At this point, an assessment of the attitudes, personality and skills would be helpful for the student.

Nurse Intervention in Cervical Screening Programmes

Nurse Intervention in Cervical Screening Programmes Nurses deliver care to patients in an ever-changing environment that revolves around changes in local and governmental policies as well as technology and pharmaceutical advancement for effective practice, (Ellis, 2016). According to Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code of Conduct (2015), nurses assess patients’ needs and deliver timely, efficient and effective patient care based on the best available evidence. Evidence Based Practice is the integration of best research evidence with nursing practice and patient needs and values to facilitate effective care, it also promotes quality, safe and cost-effective treatment for patients, families, healthcare providers and health care system, (Brown, 2014; Craig and Smyth 2012). This assignment aims to explore an area in nursing, identifying gaps between theory and practice. Using research and discussing strength of the literature and overcoming related issues in the specified area. The assignment will focus on barriers to cervical screening and nurses’ intervention to improve screening programmes. Cervical cancer screening can be detected early and treatment of precancerous cells and cervical cancer, (White et al., 2015) continues to exist. Cervical cancer starts from a pre-invasive stage known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) however, it can be detected through cervical screening, (Foran et al., 2015). Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women globally after breast cancer, (World Health Organization, 2016). According to the Department of Health (DH) (2012a) detecting cervical cancer at an early stage can prevent around 75% from developing. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015a) asserts that prevention and early detection of cervical cancer is cost –effective and a long-term strategy.   Hoppenot et al (2012) points out that screening can reduce incidence and death rates. Research shows cervical screening is associa ted with improved treatment for invasive cervical cancer, (Andrea et al., 2012). This highlights the importance of cervical screening programmes. Cervical screening reduces the occurrence of cervical cancer and research shows it prevents approximately 4500 deaths annually in Britain, (Bryant, 2012). In England, there is an invitation for screening for women aged 25-64.   Women aged 25-49 should attend screening appointment every three years and women aged 50-64 every five years, (Health and Social Care Information, 2012).   However, the last fifteen years has seen a gradual increase in more women being left unscreened for   five years or above, from 16% in 1999 to 22% in 2013 (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2013). Research shows differences in screening is among women who are younger, lower income earners, less educated or women from minority ethnic background and sexually abused women, (Waller et al., 2012; Cadman et al.,2012; Marlow et al., 2015; Albrow et al., 2014). A comprehensive search of databases for literature review namely, Medline, Science Direct, CINAHL, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and Cochrane. An advance search strategy including ‘Cervical Screening, Barriers to Cervical Screening, Early Detection Cervical Cancer and Cervical Screening Adherence’. The search was refined to literature in the past five years and incorporated international literatures from United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden and Korea to give an insight of those barriers from a global perspective. Firstly, as regards discussion of non-attendance among women from minority ethnic background. Marlow et al (2015) conducted both qualitative and quantitative study titled ‘Understanding cervical screening non-attendance among ethnic minority women in England’. The study investigated and compared differences in attendance among 720 women from minority ethnic background and White British women. For clarification purpose, ethnic minority are black, Asian and minority ethnicity (BAME). The study found that BAME women were less likely to attend cervical screening with 44-71% non-attenders compared to 12% white British women. This highlights the need for more intervention by nurses to improve practice. Reducing inequality in cancer pathway particularly among minority ethnic groups is a policy priority (Dept. of Health 2011). Marlow et al (2015) found that women from ethnic minority viewed that they were not sexually active so they did not have to do the test. This is an important aspect for nurses to educate in order to improve practice and to promote attendance with educational materials in various languages for better interpretation. The study also found 65% women from minority ethnic background believed they do not need to attend smear test in the absence of any symptoms compared to 6% white British women. These barriers are primarily associated with lower education and lower socio- economic status, (Fang and Baker, 2013).   It is surprising that women are still not aware of cervical cancer screening when people should have received letters and leaflets as part of the NHS programme, this highlights that women who have never attended screening had not read any information, (Kobayashi, 2016). Furthermore Benito et al. (2014) argued that nursing activities were mainly in areas namely health education and promotion, clinical, research, training, and program evaluation. Nurses’ intervention to educate thereby improving knowledge and understanding of cervical cancer and the benefits of screening is essential. In addition, participants had deep-seated personal opinions including fear and embarrassment. Ethnic minority women were more likely to be fearful and preferred female health practitioner. To improve practice support groups in the community may be a good avenue to discuss about screening. These interventions should lay emphasis on the efficacy of cervical screening and address concerns regarding shame and embarrassment. The main strength of this study is information from a large population that makes it a relevant and reliable study to improve cervical cancer screening programme. A qualitative study conducted by Cadman et al (2012) titled ‘Barriers to cervical screening in women who have experienced sexual abuse; an exploratory study.   Women from the age of twenty and above who visit the Website of the National Association for People Abused in Childhood (NAPAC), a United Kingdom Charity who provide support and information for people from abusive background were invited to complete a web-based survey of their opinions and experiences of cervical screening. This survey included closed questions assessing social class, screening history and past records of abuse. Participants indicated the type of abuse they had experienced either physical, sexual, emotional, neglect, spiritual or any other form of abuse. Study shows women who have a history of sexual abuse are at risk of gynaecological problems and cervical neoplasia compared to women who have not. Women who have been sexually abused are more likely to smoke, take drugs and consume alcohol. The study revealed that a number of barriers impeded their attendance and adherence to cervical screening including embarrassment, lack of trust on meeting someone for the first time, gender of smear taker, pain, tension, fear and anxiety. The findings indicated that some study participants made remarks about the intrusive nature of the test. Some participants mentioned they were not comfortable with interventions performed while on their backs.   The argument suggest that women who have history of sexual abuse may be fearful and anxious because of triggering memories of the trauma so they may avoid such responses which is true therefore this study is valid and reliable. In relation to evaluation and analysis of the study, the findings also revealed that further training should be provided to increase nurses’ knowledge and sensitivity.   NMC Code (2015) points out that health care providers respect individual choices and deliver care without delay.   In an event of a sensitive discussion, nurses are required to ask patient preference and should remain professional not expressing any sign of shock. Fujimori et al. (2014) argues that to attain effective communication, nurses should inquire patients’ preferences and expectations at the start of the screening process. To improve this skill can be taught in communications skills training which has proven to be an effective approach. Nurses could show empathy by explicitly asking women about their expectations of the screening encounter and whether they have any concerns. This may help to surface issues that the nurse and patient could tackle together to minimise anxiety and fear. For example, it could be to provide the option of a female practitioner for the cervical screening appointment, maintain dignity and sensitivity. Effective communication between nurses and patients is essential. To achieve this, however, nurses must be sensitive to their specific needs and demonstrate empathy. Having nurses who are adequately trained with special knowledge of abuse is essential. There should be interventions such as counselling and support activities as part of ways of ensuring that they attend screening. This is particularly important at cervical screening appointments for sexually abused patients to deliver safe and sensitive practice. The Waller et al (2012) conducted a qualitative study evaluating differences to barriers among women from different ages. The study   interviewed practitioners working in the screening programme and other related charities as well as women who never attended screening focusing on their views on how age can influence non- attendance and non-adherence in cervical screening. The study found that women were classified into two distinct groups, which were those who wanted to go for screening but did not attend which consisted younger women and others who had decided not to attend were mainly older women. Wardle (2016) argues that nurses’ intervention at improving uptake could be beneficial by considering different approaches for various age groups to improve practice. The findings of the following analysis identified barriers that included many described in other studies namely fear of discomfort, pain, embarrassment and lack of education. There is a reliable argument that providing support with when, where and booking an appointment is effective. Additionally one of the key themes emerging from the study is that older women are more conscious about their bodies as they age. For example, one participant discussed about changes in her self-image as she grew older and how it has affected her self-esteem and how she feels reluctant to undergo invasive procedures.   Nurses could encourage action by   reassuring older women and   to remind them of the importance and benefits of cervical screening. Sabatino et al (2012) argued that effective communication improves cervical screening. This systematic review by Albrow et al (2014) found similar findings with Waller et al (2012) further evaluated the influence of intervention in cervical screening evidence uptake amongst women less than 35 years. The findings from the study increased validity and reliability from the argument that younger women are less likely to attend cervical screening. Ninety-two records were screened and four studies investigated. One of the studies evaluated the use of invitation letters and reported no significant increase compared to standard invitation. Three studies investigated the effect of reminder letters. Study participants described how screening was yet another demand on their time and often competed with work and childcare, which are of higher priority. For others, they could not attend due to inconvenient location, fear, discomfort and embarrassment, (Waller et al., 2012). There was a widely view among 30 year old women as sickness was associated with old age and felt they had no reason to attend screening (Blomberg, 2011). Analysis of the findings   indicate an increase in the number of women attending cervical screening after receiving reminder letters compared to those that were not given, however the increase was relatively small. For this reason, cervical screening programmes need to look beyond the use of invitation and reminder letters among younger women and to develop other interventions to overcome as many barriers. Another study reported no increase amongst women aged 20-24, although in some places these women are below the age threshold. However, the same study reported an increase among 25-29 (95%) and 30-34 that also reported (95%) increase. It could be argued that there is some evidence to suggest that reminder letters had positive effects on adherence to cervical screening programmes. The results also showed that telephone reminder from a female nurse, which had 6.3% and 21.7% increase. The study also reported 2.4% increase after a physician reminder. In evaluation of how nurses can improve practice among these, age group there is a need to remove practical barriers and provide other incentive methods that includes mass media campaigns and educational intervention. There are so many users of social media especially within this age group and if used properly it will play a significant role in creating awareness and educating patients (Merolli et al., 2013). Concerning low perceived risk, this may relate to misperceptions of the purpose of the screening programmes with patients focusing on detection rather than prevention of cervical cancer.   Again, patients should be empowered through social support in the community.   In addition, nurses can educate, giving information regarding importance and benefits of cervical screening. Lastly, the review of GP incentive such as nurses providing flexibility in appointment times and out of clinic days will improve practice. In conclusion, cervical cancer is preventable and relatively easy to diagnose. Several barriers upon women’s decision to attend cervical screening programme have been identified. Given this, there is a need for how women view cervical cancer and make screening decision. This assignment collates available evidence in order to investigate potential psychosocial influences on women from different perspectives. It is essential that patients adhere to nurses’ advice and educational interventions. In order to improve cervical cancer patient experience, there is a need that nurses receive adequate training and develop skills that can improve practice. One possible strategy is being sensitive to the screening process as a result of its intimate nature combined with effective communication. Nurses can play an important role in treating patients with dignity, respect and showing empathy. This can make a difference to all women most especially women who have experienced sexual abuse. Another contributing factor is to respect patients’ choice; an example is providing preferred gender of the sample taker. This could encourage more attendance and adherence to the cervical screening programme. PART 2 Reflective practice is essential to nursing profession. My search for the best evidence for cervical cancer screening interventions began by doing literature search. Designing a research study is an advanced and complex skill that requires clinical experience as well as analysing and evaluating the research design. While doing my research I focused on the needs of patients and effectiveness of nursing interventions. The result of my search enabled me acquire knowledge and skills in patient care by extensive literature search using electronic databases and advanced search with combined words. Discovering how to refine my search using full text and finding up to date evidence in the last five years.   My skills have greatly improved using electronic databases. This was done in order to obtain relevant up to date search. NMC (2015) requires nurses use up to date evidence and competent to practice. Such insight in itself is relevant to nursing competency and can help to improve patient care.   I read and understood articles relevant to nursing practice, clinical expertise and understanding patient values. Reading the research articles and reflecting on each one, identifying assumptions, key concepts and methods and determined whether the conclusions were based on their findings. Appraising the steps of the research process in order to critically analyse and use it to inform practice. This developed my assessment skills and I was able to identify valid and reliable studies. Reviews and ratings of the evidence resulted in recommendations for practice. According to National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) 2013, nursing research is defined as research that involves and develops nursing care in order to promote patient healthcare. Nurses play an important role in the National Health Service (NHS) they provide front line services, support patients and contribute to health research. Furthermore, research generates knowledge for nurses and contribute towards health care (Parahoo, 2014). I am more enlightened about the importance of analysing and evaluating research studies, which helps nurses to acquire more knowledge and be up to date with evidence thereby promoting patient care. It is evident that evidence base practice will continue to have great impact on the professional practice of nursing. Evidence based practice is important in nursing because it improves patient outcomes, care is delivered more effectively and efficiently and it minimises error, (Houser,   2016). I have acquired more knowledge, skills during the duration of this evidence based practice assignment and recognised my strengths, and areas that I needed to improve on. REFERENCES Albrow, R., Blomberg, K., Kitchener, H., Brabin, L., Patnick, J.and Tishelman, C. (2014) Interventions to improve cervical cancer screening uptake amongst young women; A systematic review. Acta Oncologia, Vol. 53, no. 4, pp.445-451. Andrea, B., Andersson, T.M. and Lambert, P.C. (2012) Screening and cervical cure; population based cohort study. British Medical Journal, Vol. 1344, pp.900. Bang, J.Y., Yadegarfar, G., Soljak, M. and Majeed, A. (2012) Primary care factors associated with cervical screening coverage in England. Journal of Public Health, Vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 532-538. Brown, S.J. (2014) Evidence- based nursing. The research practice connection. 3rd ed., Sudbury MA; Jones & Barlett. Bryant, E. (2012) the impact of policy and screening on cervical cancer in England. British Journal of Nursing, Vol.4, pp. 6-10. Cadman, L., Waller, J., Ashdown-Barr, L. and Szarewski, A. (2012) Barriers to cervical screening in women who have experienced sexual abuse; an exploratory study. British Medical Journals, Vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 1-19. Craig, J. and Smyth, R. (2012) the evidence based practice manual for nurses. 3rd ed., Edinburg Scotland; Church Livingstone Elsevier Ltd. Department of Health. (2012a) cervical screening. {Online} {Accessed on 12 September 2017} http;//www.tinyurl.com/7gvxef9 Ellis, P. (2016) Evidence – based Practice in Nursing. 3rd ed., London; Sage Publications. Fang, D.M. and Baker, D.L. (2013) Barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women of Hmong origin. Journal of Health Care Poor Undeserved, Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 540-555. Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Ervik, M., Dikshit, R., Eser, S. and Mathers, C. (2013) Cancer incidence and Mortality Worldwide. IARC Cancer Base NO.11 Lyon; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Foran, C. and Brennan, A. (2015) Prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in the UK. British Journal of Nursing, Vol. 24, no.10, pp.2. Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y. and Asai, M. (2014) Effect of communication skills training program for oncologist based on patients preferences for communication when receiving bad news. Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 32, no.20, pp. 2172-3266. Hope, K.A., Moss, E., Redman, C.and Sherman, S.M. (2017) psychosocial influences upon older women’s decision to attend cervical screening; a review of current evidence. Preventive Medicine, Vol. 101, pp. 60-66. Hoppenot, C., Stampler, K. and Dunton, C. (2012) cervical cancer screening in high- and low resource countries; implications and new developments. Obstetrician Gynaecology Survey, Vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 658-667. Houser, J. (2016) Nursing Research; Reading, Using and Creating Evidence. 4th ed., Jones& Bartlett Kobayashi, L.C., Waller, W.C. and Wardle, J. (2016) A lack of information engagement among colorectal cancer screening non-attenders; cross sectional study. British Medical Colorectal Public Health, Vol. 16, pp. 659. Marlow, L.A., Wardle, J. and Waller, J. (2015) Understanding cervical screening non-attendance among ethnic minority women in England. British Journal of Cancer, Vol. 113, pp. 833-839. Merolli, M., Gray, K. and Martin Sanchez, F. (2013) Health outcomes and related effects of using social media in chronic disease management; a literature review and analysis of affordances. Journal of Biomedical Information. Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2015) the Code; Professional Standards of Practice and Behaviour for Nurses and Midwives. NMC, London. The Health and Social Care Information Centre annual report- 2012 to 2013 www.gov.uk/†¦/thehealth-and-social-care-information-centre-annual-report-an Wardle, J., Wanger, C.N., Kralji-Hans, I., Halloran, S.P., Smith, S.G. and McGregor, L.M. (2016) Effects of evidence-based strategies to reduce the socioeconomic gradient of uptake in the English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (ASCEND) ;four cluster- randomised controlled trials. Lancet, pp.751-759. White, A., Thompson, T.D. and White, M.C. (2015) cancer screening test- use- United States. MM WR Morb Mortal Weekly Rep, Vol. 66, pp. 201-206. World Health Organisation (2015a) Cancer. {Online} {Accessed on September 12 2017}

The Use of the Peremptory Challenge in the U.S. Legal System Essay

The Use of the Peremptory Challenge in the U.S. Legal System Over 80 million Americans alive today have been called to jury duty at some point in their lives (Henley 5). Out of these 80 million individuals, roughly 30% (or 24 million) have been eliminated from the jury selection process due to the use of peremptory challenges (5). According to Black’s Law Dictionary, a peremptory challenge is a challenge that â€Å"need not be supported by any reason.† Although these challenges are commonplace in today’s courts, several Supreme Court cases have questioned the constitutionality of their place in the legal system. This paper will explore the history of peremptory challenges, theories behind them, a few pertinent cases, and reform progress. The History of Peremptory Challenges What many American do not realize is that the concept of peremptory challenges has been around since the Roman era, but controversy over the topic in America did not come about until the twentieth century (Henley 1). Under Roman law, each litigant was allowed to select 100 jurors and then strike as many as 50 people from the jury pool (1). English Common law allowed the defendant 35 peremptory challenges, while the prosecution had an unlimited amount (1). This system was alive in England until 1305 when Parliament outlawed the prosecution’s right to peremptory challenges (1). It took over 600 years for Parliament to do the same with the rights to challenges for defendants in 1988 (1). The American legal system, being based on British common law, has always allowed for the use of peremptory challenges. One reasoning behind this fact is the American tradition of challenges (6). To be exact, the reason we continue to use peremptory challenges ... ...n A. Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed. St. Paul, Minnesota: West Group, 1990. Georgia v. McCollum, 505 U.S. 42; 112 S. Ct. 2348, 120 L.Ed.2d 33 (1992). Hernandez v. New York, 500 U.S. 352; 111 S. Ct. 1859, 114 L.Ed.2d 395 (1991). Jury Research Services. Ed. Jeffrey T. Frederick, Ph.D. YEAR. National Legal Research Group. 14 January 2004 National Constitution Center. Ed. Sara Hoffman. 2004. â€Å"Third Circuit Upholds Faith- Based Peremptory Challenge.† 21 February 2004 Public Law Research Institute. Ed. Patricia Henley. 1996. â€Å"Improving the Jury System: Peremptory Challenges.† University of California, Hastings College of Law. 11 January 2004

Cognitive, Research ad Learning Theory

The diversity in classrooms today challenges teachers to develop cultural and social competencies together with keeping current with the developing theories in learning and education. For example, in Avram Noam Chomsky’s study of the language development, which can be extended to the process of learning any body of knowledge, he points out that language can not be learned by conditioning or stimuli alone (Sylwester, 2005). This suggests that need to develop associations regarding the meaning and concept of objects: for a child to learn that the earth is the third planet from the sun, the concept of ordinal order must first be established. Thus, Jean Piaget suggest that learning programs should be student centered to support the individual cognitive capacity and methodology (Gardner, 2006). The case of presented by Maria Testoni’s sixth-grade class reflects this challenge: the diversity in learning styles, academic skills and ethnicity as well as their work habits, behaviors and levels of participation requires the development of approaches unique to the child (Griffin et al, 2003).   However, in reality, there are significant constraints in doing so in terms of resources, expertise and time. Thus, there is a need for teachers to strategize their methods. In Maria’s case, one approach is to utilize a cognitive perspective for the learning theories that will serve as the foundation of her strategies. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   What factors are influencing students’ assimilation and accommodation? 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the commonalities and contrasts of students’ schema or context? 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   What are the modalities of methods of accommodation? 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   How can mental processes of learning be mapped? 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there typologies to characterize the population based on individual characteristic of students? 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Can the cognitive evaluation of students provide insights to current behavior and performance in class? In the use of cognitive theory and research and learning theory, Maria’s focus will be in understanding the mental processes of her students. Cognition, suggests that there is learning occurs through the process of generative development (Cronin& Mandich, 2004). In using this as a leaning theory, Maria will have to consider the existing competencies of her students and the curriculum she is creating for them. This will then consider observed behavior become secondary in the evaluation (Sylwester, 2005). The approach can limit behavioral factors in the assessment which can be extraneous to evaluate. Thus, the process of cognition is considered to influence behavior rather than behavior influencing the level of cognition (Griffin et al, 2003). In general, cognition and its related learning perspectives reject the majority of behaviorist views on the process of learning (Cronin& Mandich, 2004). They highlight that learning goes beyond the stimuli-response process and depends more on the individual’s cognitive processes. As Maria proceeds with the assessment, she will see the significance of the cognition in her students’ performance in class. In conclusion, insights regarding the manner by which individual students create their network of concept relationships can allow Maria to create exercises of lectures that will subscribe to students’ needs. In doing so, the cognition process of the child only has to assimilate information rather than accommodate it. At the same time, if the cognitive methods of students have varies highly, the same insights on concept relationship networks can also be used to reinforce accommodation of knowledge. References Cronin, Anne and Mandich, Mary Beth (2004). Human Development and Performance Throughout the Life Span. New York: Thomson Delmar Learning Gardner, H. (2006). The development and education of the mind. New York: Basic Books. Griffin, C., Holford, J. & Jarvis, P. (2003).   The Theory & Practice of Learning.   London: Kogan Page. Sylwester, R. (2005).   How to explain a brain: An educator’s handbook of brain terms and cognitive process.   Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.            

Crime in Detroit

Crime in Detroit For many years Detroit, Michigan has been known as the murder capital of the world. stats show that In 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city In the united States. Crime around the city Is not only committed by the residents but also by local police officials and government officials. These are the people that took a vow to serve and protect us. But we have to protect ourselves from them. There has been crimes of racism, take for instance in 1992, two white police fficers named Walter Budzyn and Larry Nevers beat to death an African American man. amed Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffc stop in which Green was driving, but everyone in Detroit knew that Malice Green was homeless and did not have a car. Green refused to open his hand and give the police the vile of crack that he was holding. For that he paid the ultimate price with his life. He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlg ht. Both officers were charged with involuntary manslaughter. Nevers received 4 years and Budzyn eceived 41/2 years.On the other hand in that same year my brother an Atrican American male accidentally killed a white woman while playing with a gun. He got the same Involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Each time he was up for parole he was denied. Eventually they Just has to let him go. Another incident of crime In Detroit was committed by a Government official. Kwame Kilpatrick was the mayor of Detroit from 2002 until he was forced to resign due to a plea deal in 2008. He was Involved in the citys largest corruption scandal ver.He, his best friend, and his father stole over 83 million dollars from the city. Hence the reason that the city is bankrupt today. He did everything from mail fraud which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail. wire fraud, something like mail fraud, racketeering, he was using the mayors palace as a place for prostitutes and was throwing wild parties there. He was also charged with obstruction and a list of other charges. Each of the 29 charges that he got can receive up toa 15 year sentence. He will be sentenced on October 13, 2013.So as you can see from those two examples crime is a big problem for the city of Detroit. It doesn't matter it its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and It Is still going to be committed. By icheat4u world. Stats show that in 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city in the United States. Crime around the city is not only committed by the man, named Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffic He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlight.Both officers were received 41/2 years. On the other hand in that same year my brother an African same involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Another incident of crime in Detroit was committed by a Government official. due to a plea deal in 2008. He was involved in the citys largest corruption scandal which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail, wire fraud, something Detroit. It doesn't matter if its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and it is still going to be committed.

Prepositions for the Perplexed

Prepositions for the Perplexed Prepositions for the Perplexed Prepositions for the Perplexed By Maeve Maddox Judging by the comments on the When to use on and when to use in post, I wasnt the only one to get out of school with less than a complete grasp of what a preposition is or does. When I was in high school, I never could pick out prepositional phrases. Oh, I memorized the lists of prepositions like in, on, up, with, to, and from. I just couldnt figure out how they worked in a sentence. After all, some of the words in the list could also be used as adverbs: I went to the river and jumped in. A word isnt anything until it is used in a sentence. It wasnt until I started teaching English that I finally got prepositions. Prepositions are joining words. They join something to a noun (or pronoun). George V was King of England. The preposition of joins the noun King to the noun England. The joining adds information to the noun King. The boy played in the water. The preposition in joins the verb played to the noun water. The joining conveys where the playing took place. The boy in the water is my brother. Here the preposition in joins the noun boy to the noun water. This joining identifies a particular boy, distinguishing him from a possible boy on the beach or boy in the boat. Prepositions are said to govern nouns (or pronouns). The usual position of a preposition is in front of the noun it governs. A prepositional phrase is the preposition and its noun, plus all the words that come between. Sometimes a prepositional phrase consists of just the preposition and the noun (or pronoun) that it governs: This book is by Tolstoy. (preposition by, noun Tolstoy) Sometimes the phrase has several words between the preposition and the noun governed: We went to the new outlet mall. (preposition to, noun mall) Prepositional phrases function as parts of speech. The boy in the water is my brother. (in the water tells more about boy.' The phrase functions as an adjective describing boy. Hes the in-the-water boy.) The dog is swimming in the water. (in the water tells where the swimming is taking place. The phrase functions as an adverb modifying swimming.) Although the preposition usually comes before the noun it governs, English permits us to place the preposition at the end of a sentence. (Purists abhor this construction, but it is very natural in English.) Ex. Whose house do you want to meet at? (The prepositional phrase is at whose house.) By the way, it is this practice that is contributing to the decline of whom as the object form of who. The ear recognizes the need for whom when to precedes it, but not when the to is far removed: Who do you want to speak to? as opposed to To whom do you wish to speak? As for wanting rules that will explain every prepositional expression such as in the army, on the team, at the hour, or in a monthsave your energy. They dont exist. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two PeopleEmail Etiquette20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Do you think individuals or organizations should be allowed to own Essay

Do you think individuals or organizations should be allowed to own ancient artifacts that originated in another country - Essay Example As revealed by information by the British Museum (1), the ownership of ancient artifacts could also render some of these artifacts very useless in cases were some of their parts are still in the country of origin. In this case, none of the two countries really benefits by owning part of the artifacts. Although some organizations holding other nation’s sculptures may claim that the countries of origin do not have suitable location for display, this is not a good justification for holding such ancient artifacts. Had these artifacts existed in their country, they would certainly have motivated them to build a better place for them. Ancient artifacts are a symbol of a nation’s glory and nothing can substitute this including replications of these artifacts. Shyllon (2) explains, a replica of an irreplaceable cultural heritage can never be the best substitute. Shyllon Folarin. (2010). Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries Origin or its Restitution in Case of Illicit Appropriation: Oral Report of the Rapporteur. Online: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001925/192535e.pdf. Retrieved on 28th September,

Mockery in Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mockery in Order - Essay Example Therefore, the development of control structures is useful in maintaining order as well as enforcing discouraging protocols. The establishment of order has its own draw backs which are useful in the creation of controls that are useful in the maintenance of orderliness in the society. The reduction of freedom of choice to a restricted module or activity is the principal drawback of order creation. In a bid to create uniformity and orderliness in society, there is the creation of laws, rules, and regulations which are useful for the development of the systematic way. Military personnel are easily identified because of the set of the uniform they wear; the same applies to police service and school going children. Some of the personnel may view the uniform as an infringement on rights to dress as they wish which is the paradox of order. According to Barthes, the infringement of one's rights in the army through uniforms and the set of rules is a mockery to order (Barthes 40). He refers to submission in the army as fanatic and a blind act (Barthes 40). Think of students in uniform! Uniform gives an impression of equity and order in school, but does it mean that they love wearing it? A clear no. Some of the students will always abuse the uniform. As a result, dressing chords are implemented to enforce order of which later results to strikes and the so called â€Å"cases of indiscipline†. What a mockery of order! The students feel that the order created infringes their rights and forces them to adopt what they cannot live to. In a football match, the separation of the two groups of fans and supporters help in the creation of order. Imagine, that there was no separation between the groups. What could be the consequence of such an action? There would be strife and fighting within the group leading to disharmony and strife. The separation of the groups leads to the creation of order in the match. The separation is a creation of that reduces or limits freedom of movement between the two groups. In the real sense, human beings need to interact with each other, to enjoy freedom of movement. This privilege is lost in order for the order to exist in the match. The existence of a physical barrier separating the two groups is obviously an infringement on the right for movement and association that is accorded to all human beings. Despite the success of the physical barrier, there are still problems facing maintenance of order in situations such as play interruption as a result of pitch invasion by supporters as wi tnessed in matches in Italian and Russian football leagues. Additionally fans may clash in the street with some fans obtaining injures or even death in the street confrontation. The solution to the problem has always been the designation of routes to reduce meeting of the two supporter groups. The route designation minimizes freedom and association movements. The restriction of movement and association is the price of order creation; thus, it creates a scenario in order to gain publicity, and show a need for order creation. According to the chaos theory, in order for the order to be created disorder must first exist and vice versa. The creation of order, is based on, the drive to make an organised structure from, a disorganised state. The creation and innovation experienced in the world is as a result of need for order in all spheres of life. It is vital to state that the need for order